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The concept for Japan’s equivalent of the NIH has been making progress and is becoming a reality. Although the standards for both Japan’s basic research and its clinical treatment technologies are high, the functions that bridge these two sectors are noticeably inadequate. Consequently, when Japan adopts new treatment methods, it often has no choice but to rely on foreign technologies that are especially from the United States. This has led to detrimental results, including a high royalty burden and a delay in the adoption of new treatments. One reason for this situation is a vertically segmented administration system in which the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology oversees basic research and the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare oversees clinical treatments, while the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry oversees industrial applications. It is clearly necessary to do away with this system ... ... [Read more]